The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.